Soberania e secularização: o legado da paz da Westfália (1648) na construção da tolerância religiosa no Brasil pelo viés do endosso reflexivo.

Abstract

The present research examines how the peace agreements that ended the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) established principles of state sovereignty and confessional coexistence, impacting the political configuration of Latin America. The research highlights that these agreements, known as the Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, inaugurated a new conception of religious diversity under confessional states, evolving from the Augsburgian concept of “cuius regio, eius religio” to more complex forms of interconfessional coexistence. The research work develops a moral epistemology of religious tolerance, integrating ideas from modern thinkers such as Locke, Voltaire, and Spinoza with contemporary notions of reflection on moral philosophy, such as those of Christine Korsgaard on reflective endorsement. The analysis seeks to demonstrate the gradual influence of Westphalian principles of separation between religion and politics on Brazilian constitutions and state secularization processes. Furthermore, the research aims to reveal how Westphalian principles of separation between religion and politics gradually influenced aspects of modern constitutions with impacts on Brazilian constitutions and state secularization processes. The concluded thesis is that religious tolerance constitutes a socially constructed moral epistemology through public reflective processes, providing foundations for democratic coexistence in plural societies, with religious tolerance positivized in constitutional texts being the reflective endorsement as a source of its normativity.